Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (ME)

Professor Cocks, Chair (142A Engineering); Associate Professor Zauscher, Director of Graduate Studies (3385 Ciemas); Professors Bejan, Clark, Cocks, Dowell, Garg, Needham, Shaughnessy, Tan; Associate Professors Bliss, Franzoni, Howle, Knight, Marszalek, Zauscher; Assistant Professors Chen, Curtarolo, Ferrari, Lazarides, Mann, Protz, Zhong; Assistant Research Professor Thomas; Senior Research Scientists Kielb; Adjunct Assistant Professor Stepp; Professors Emeriti Harman and Pearsall

The department offers programs of study and research leading to the MS and PhD degrees in both mechanical engineering and materials science. The department's broad areas of concentration include nonlinear dynamics and control, unsteady aerodynamics and fluid mechanics including aeroelasticity (fluid/structure interaction), biomaterials and biomechanics, and thermal sciences and engineering. Additional areas of concentration include atomic force microscopy, biomaterials, electronic materials, material characteristics/properties and thin films.

The department emphasizes a highly research-oriented PhD degree program. Students in the PhD degree program who do not already have a master's degree are urged to meet the course and other general requirements of this degree and to obtain it during completion of their program. Programs of study are highly flexible to meet individual needs.

Current research areas include: aeroelasticity; atomic force microscopy; bearing design and lubrication; biorheology; cell, membrane, and surface engineering; chaotic systems; computational fluid dynamics; computational materials science; convection; diffusion and kinetics on Si, GaAs, and other electronic materials; feed-back and feed-forward control systems; fluid dynamics of biological systems; heat transfer in heterogeneous media; magnetic bearings; mechanical properties of kidney stones; nano-tribology; nonlinear dynamics; oxide hetero-structures; robotics; shock-wave lithotripsy; sound propagation and absorbing materials; thermal design by entropy generation minimization; turbomachinery; ultrasound contrast enhancement; unsteady aerodynamics; and vibrations and acoustics of dynamic systems.

202. Engineering Thermodynamics. Axiomatic formulations of the first and second laws. General thermodynamic relationships and properties of real substances. Energy, availability, and second law analysis of energy conversion processes. Reaction and multiphase equilibrium. Power generation. Low temperature refrigeration and the third law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic design. Instructor: Bejan. 3 units.

209. Soft Wet Materials and Interfaces. The materials science and engineering of soft wet materials and interfaces. Emphasis on the relationships between composition, structure, properties and performance of macromolecules, self assembling colloidal systems, linear polymers and hydrogels in aqueous and nonaqueous liquid media, including the role of water as an ''organizing'' solvent. Applications of these materials in biotechnology, medical technology, microelectronic technology, and nature's own designs of biological materials. Instructor: Needham. 3 units.

210. Intermediate Dynamics: Dynamics of Very High Dimensional Systems. Dynamics of very high dimensional systems. Linear and nonlinear dynamics of a string as a prototypical example. Equations of motion of a nonlinear beam with tension. Convergence of a modal series. Self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint systems. Orthogonality of modes. Nonlinear normal modes. Derivation of Lagrange's equations from Hamilton's Principle including the effects of constraints. Normal forms of kinetic and potential energy. Component modal analysis. Asymptotic modal analysis. Instructor: Dowell, Hall or Knight.. 3 units. C-L: Civil Engineering 210

211. Theoretical and Applied Polymer Science (GE, BB). An intermediate course in soft condensed matter physics dealing with the structure and properties of polymers and biopolymers. Introduction to polymer syntheses based on chemical reaction kinetics, polymer characterization. Emphasizes (bio)polymers on surfaces and interfaces in aqueous environments, interactions of (bio)polymer surfaces, including wetting and adhension phenomena. Instructor: Zauscher. 3 units. C-L: Biomedical Engineering 208

212. Electronic Materials. An advanced course in materials science and engineering dealing with materials important for solid-state electronics and the various semiconductors. Emphasis on thermodynamic concepts and on defects in these materials. Materials preparation and modification methods for technological defects in these materials. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 83L. Instructor: Tan. 3 units.

213. Physical Metallurgy. An advanced materials science course focusing on the relationships between structure and properties in metals and alloys. Conceptual and mathematical models developed and analyzed for crystal structures, elastic and plastic deformation, phase transformations, thermodynamic behavior, and electrical and magnetic properties. Prerequisites: Mechanical Engineering 83L and 101L. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

216. Mechanical Metallurgy. An advanced materials science course dealing with the response of materials to applied forces. Mechanical fundamentals; stress-strain relationships for elastic behavior; theory of plasticity. Metallurgical fundamentals; plastic deformation, dislocation theory; strengthening mechanisms. Mechanical behavior of polymers. Applications to materials testing. Prerequisites: Engineering 75L and Mechanical Engineering 83L. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

217. Fracture of Engineering Materials. Conventional design concepts and their relationship to the occurrence of fracture. Linear elastic and general yield fracture mechanics. Microscopic plastic deformation and crack propagation. The relationship between macroscopic and microscopic aspects of fracture. Time dependent fracture. Fracture of specific materials. Prerequisites: Mechanical Engineering 83L and 115L. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

218. Thermodynamics of Electronic Materials. Basic thermodynamic concepts applied to solid state materials with emphasis on technologically relevant electronic materials such as silicon and GaAs. Thermodynamic functions, phase diagrams, solubilities and thermal equilibrium concentrations of point defects; nonequilibrium processes and the kinetic phenomena of diffusion, precipitation, and growth. Instructor: Tan. 3 units.

221. Compressible Fluid Flow. Basic concepts of the flow of gases from the subsonic to the hypersonic regime. One-dimensional wave motion, the acoustic equations, and waves of finite amplitude. Effects of area change, friction, heat transfer, and shock on one-dimensional flow. Moving and oblique shock waves and Prandtl-Meyer expansion. Prerequisite: ME126 or equivalent. Instructor: Shaughnessy. 3 units.

225. Mechanics of Viscous Fluids. Equations of motion for a viscous fluid, constitutive equations for momentum and energy transfer obtained from second-law considerations, general properties and exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes and Stokes (creeping-flow) equations, applications to problems of blood flow in large and small vessels. Prerequisite: ME126 or equivalent. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

226. Intermediate Fluid Mechanics. A survey of the principal concepts and equations of fluid mechanics, fluid statics, surface tension, the Eulerian and Lagrangian description, kinematics, Reynolds transport theorem, the differential and integral equations of motion, constitutive equations for a Newtonian fluid, the Navier-Stokes equations, and boundary conditions on velocity and stress at material interfaces. Instructor: Shaughnessy. 3 units.

227. Advanced Fluid Mechanics. Flow of a uniform incompressible viscous fluid. Exact solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation. Similarity methods. Irrotational flow theory and its applications. Elements of boundary layer theory. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 226 or consent of instructor. Instructor: Shaughnessy. 3 units.

228. Lubrication. Derivation and application of the basic governing equations for lubrication; the Reynolds equation and energy equation for thin films. Analytical and computational solutions to the governing equations. Analysis and design of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic slider bearings and journal bearings. Introduction to the effects of fluid inertia and compressibility. Dynamic characteristics of a fluid film and effects of bearing design on dynamics of machinery. Prerequisites: Mathematics 108 and Mechanical Engineering 126L. Instructor: Knight. 3 units.

229. Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. An exposition of numerical techniques commonly used for the solution of partial differential equations encountered in engineering physics. Finite-difference schemes (which are well-suited for fluid mechanics problems); notions of accuracy, conservation, consistency, stability, and convergence. Recent applications of weighted residuals methods (Galerkin), finite-element methods, and grid generation techniques. Through specific examples, the student is guided to construct and assess the performance of the numerical scheme selected for the particular type of transport equation (parabolic, elliptic, or hyperbolic). Instructor: Howle. 3 units.

230. Modern Control and Dynamic Systems. Dynamic modeling of complex linear and nonlinear physical systems involving the storage and transfer of matter and energy. Unified treatment of active and passive mechanical, electrical, and fluid systems. State-space formulation of physical systems. Time and frequency-domain representation. Controllability and observability concepts. System response using analytical and computational techniques. Lyapunov method for system stability. Modification of system characteristics using feedback control and compensation. Emphasis on application of techniques to physical systems. Instructor: Garg. 3 units.

231. Adaptive Structures: Dynamics and Control. Integration of structural dynamics, linear systems theory, signal processing, transduction device dynamics, and control theory for modeling and design of adaptive structures. Classical and modern control approaches applied to reverberant plants. Fundamentals of adaptive feedforward control and its integration with feedback control. Presentation of a methodical design approach to adaptive systems and structures with emphasis on the physics of the system. Numerous MATLAB examples provided with course material as well as classroom and laboratory demonstrations. Instructor: Clark. 3 units.

233. Intelligent Systems. An introductory course on learning and intelligent-systems techniques for the modeling and control of dynamical systems. Review of theoretical foundations in dynamical systems, and in static and dynamic optimization. Numerical methods and paradigms that exploit learning and optimization in order to deal with complexity, nonlinearity, and uncertainty. Investigation of theory and algorithms for neural networks, graphical models, and genetic algorithms. Interdisciplinary applications and demonstrations drawn from engineering and computer science, including but not limited to adaptive control, estimation, robot motion and sensor planning. Prerequisites: Mathematics 107 or 111. Consent of instructor required. Instructor: Ferrari. 3 units.

234. Energy Flow and Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids. Derivation of equations for wave motion in simple structural shapes: strings, longitudinal rods, beams and membranes, plates and shells. Solution techniques, analysis of systems behavior. Topics covered include: nondispersive and dispersive waves, multiple wave types (dilational, distortion), group velocity, impedance concepts including driving point impedances and moment impedances. Power and energy for different cases of wave propagation. Prerequisites: Engineering 123L and Mathematics 108 or consent of instructor. Instructor: Franzoni. 3 units. C-L: Civil Engineering 211

235. Advanced Mechanical Vibrations. Advanced mechanical vibrations are studied primarily with emphasis on application of analytical and computational methods to machine design and vibration control problems. Equations of motion are developed using Lagrange's equations. A single degree-of-freedom system is used to determine free vibration characteristics and response to impulse, harmonic periodic excitations, and random. The study of two and three degree-of-freedom systems includes the determination of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and an in-depth study of modal analysis methods. The finite element method is used to conduct basic vibration analysis of systems with a large number of degrees of freedom. The student learns how to balance rotating machines, and how to design suspension systems, isolation systems, vibration sensors, and tuned vibration absorbers. Instructor: Kielb. 3 units.

236. Engineering Acoustics. Fundamentals of acoustics including sound generation, propagation, reflection, absorption, and scattering. Emphasis on basic principles and analytical methods in the description of wave motion and the characterization of sound fields. Applications including topics from noise control, sound reproduction, architectural acoustics, and aerodynamic noise. Occasional classroom or laboratory demonstration. This course is open only to undergraduate seniors and graduate students. Prerequisites: Mathematics 108 or equivalent or consent of instructor. Instructor: Bliss. 3 units.

237. Aerodynamics. Fundamentals of aerodynamics applied to wings and bodies in subsonic and supersonic flow. Basic principles of fluid mechanics analytical methods for aerodynamic analysis. Two-and three-dimensional wing theory, slender-body theory, lifting surface methods, vortex and wave drag. Brief introduction to vehicle design, performance and dynamics. Special topics such as unsteady aerodynamics, vortex wake behavior, and propeller and rotor aerodynamics. This course is open only to undergraduate seniors and graduate students. Prerequisites: ME126 and Mathematics 108 or equivalent. Instructor: Bliss. 3 units.

238. Advanced Aerodynamics. Advanced topics in aerodynamics. Conformal transformation techniques. Three-dimensional wing theory, optimal span loading for planar and nonplanar wings. Ground effect and tunnel corrections. Propeller theory. Slender wing theory and slender body theory, transonic and supersonic area rules for minimization of wave drag. Numerical methods in aerodynamics including source panel and vortex lattice methods. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 237. Instructor: Hall. 3 units.

239. Unsteady Aerodynamics. Analytical and numerical methods for computing the unsteady aerodynamic behavior of airfoils and wings. Small disturbance approximation to the full potential equation. Unsteady vortex dynamics. Kelvin impulse and apparent mass concepts applied to unsteady flows. Two-dimensional unsteady thin airfoil theory. Time domain and frequency domain analyses of unsteady flows. Three-dimensional unsteady wing theory. Introduction to unsteady aerodynamic behavior of turbomachinery. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 237. Instructor: Hall. 3 units.

240. Patent Technology and Law. The use of patents as a technological data base is emphasized including information retrieval in selected engineering disciplines. Fundamentals of patent law and patent office procedures. Consent of instructor required. Instructor: Cocks. 3 units.

241. Electromagnetic Processes in Fluids. Electromagnetic processes and transport phenomena in fluids is overviewed. Topics to be discussed include: Maxwell's equations, statistical thermodynamic processes, origin of surface forces (i.e.Van der Waals), plasma in gases and electrolyte distribution, wave propagation near boundaries and in complex media, transport equations in continuum limit. Consent of instructor required. Instructor: Staff. 1 unit.

265. Advanced Topics in Mechanical Engineering. Opportunity for study of advanced subjects related to programs within mechanical engineering tailored to fit the requirements of a small group. Approval of director of undergraduate or graduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

268. Cellular and Biosurface Engineering. A combination of fundamental concepts in materials science, colloids, and interfaces that form a basis for characterizing: the physical properties of biopolymers, microparticles, artificial membranes, biological membranes, and cells; and the interactions of these materials at biofluid interfaces. Definition of the subject as a coherent discipline and application of its fundamental concepts to biology, medicine, and biotechnology. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 208 or consent of instructor. Instructor: Needham. 3 units.

270. Robot Control and Automation. Review of kinematics and dynamics of robotic devices; mechanical considerations in design of automated systems and processes, hydraulic and pneumatic control of components and circuits; stability analysis of robots involving nonlinearities; robotic sensors and interfacing; flexible manufacturing; man-machine interaction and safety consideration. Prerequisites: Mechanical Engineering 230 or equivalent and consent of instructor. Instructor: Garg. 3 units.

275. Product Safety and Design. An advanced engineering design course that develops approaches to assessing and improving the safety of products and product systems. Safety is presented in terms of acceptable risk and analyzed through legal case studies. Probabilistic decision making; risk economics; risk analysis and assessment. Corequisite: Mechanical Engineering 160L. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

276. Designs and Decisions. Successful engineering entrepreneurship requires both the creation of new devices and processes and the ability to make rational selections among design alternatives. Design methodology is presented that fosters creativity and introduces TRIZ (the Russian acronym for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). Decisions among design alternatives are structured and analyzed in graphical and probabilistic terms: tree diagrams; sampling theory; hypothesis testing; and confidence levels. Corequisite: Mechanical Engineering 160L or consent of instructor. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

277. Optimization Methods for Mechanical Design. Definition of optimal design. Methodology of constructing quantitative mathematical models. Nonlinear programming methods for finding ''best'' combination of design variables: minimizing steps, gradient methods, flexible tolerance techniques for unconstrained and constrained problems. Emphasis on computer applications and term projects. Consent of instructor required. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

280. Convective Heat Transfer. Models and equations for fluid motion, the general energy equation, and transport properties. Exact, approximate, and boundary layer solutions for laminar flow heat transfer problems. Use of the principle of similarity and analogy in the solution of turbulent flow heat transfer. Two-phase flow, nucleation, boiling, and condensation heat and mass transfer. Instructor: Bejan. 3 units.

281. Fundamentals of Heat Conduction. Fourier heat conduction. Solution methods including separation of variables, transform calculus, complex variables. Green's function will be introduced to solve transient and steady-state heat conduction problems in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. Microscopic heat conduction mechanisms, thermophysical properties, Boltzmann transport equation. Prerequisite: Mathematics 111 or consent of instructor. Instructor: Bejan. 3 units.

282. Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation. Radiative properties of materials, radiation-materials interaction and radiative energy transfer. Emphasis on fundamental concepts including energy levels and electromagnetic waves as well as analytical methods for calculating radiative properties and radiation transfer in absorbing, emitting, and scattering media. Applications cover laser-material interactions in addition to traditional areas such as combustion and thermal insulation. Prerequisite: Mathematics 108 or consent of instructor. Instructor: Staff. 3 units.

301. Biological Engineering Seminar Series (CBIMMS and CBTE). Seminar series featuring in alternate weeks invited speakers and pre-seminar discussions. Research topics in biological engineering, with emphasis on bioinspired materials and materials systems, biomolecular, and tissue engineering. Enrollment is required of all BIMMS and BTE certificate program students in their first and second year. Open to others for credit or audit. Instructor consent required. Instructors: Zauscher, Craig, and Reichert. 1 unit. C-L: Biomedical Engineering 301

302. Biological Engineering Seminar Series (CBIMMS and CBTE). Seminar series featuring in alternate weeks invited speakers and pre-seminar discussions. Research topics in biological engineering, with emphasis on bioinspired materials and materials systems, biomolecular, and tissue engineering. Enrollment is required of all BIMMS and BTE certificate program students in their first and second year. Open to others for credit or audit. Instructor consent required. Instructors: Zauscher, Craig, and Reichert. 1 unit. C-L: Biomedical Engineering 302

303. CBIMMS Adv Materials Lab. Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science. Advanced Topics: Advanced Materials Lab. This course will give a hands-on introduction to characterization and clean room based processing methods that play an imporant role in the fabrication and characterization of materials. Clean-room based processing methods to be covered include: basic photolithography, evaporation, electron beam lithography, and wet and dry etching. Characterization methods to be covered include: atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Credit/No Credit. Permission Required. Instructor: Walters. 3 units.

325. Aeroelasticity. A study of the statics and dynamics of fluid/structural interaction. Topics covered include static aeroelasticity (divergence, control surface reversal), dynamic aeroelasticity (flutter, gust response), unsteady aerodynamics (subsonic, supersonic, and transonic flow), and a review of the recent literature including nonlinear effects such as chaotic oscillations. Prerequisite: Mathematics 230 and consent of instructor. Instructor: Dowell. 3 units.

331. Nonlinear Control Systems. Analytical, computational, and graphical techniques for solution of nonlinear systems; Krylov and Bogoliubov asymptotic method; describing function techniques for analysis and design; Liapounov functions and Lure's methods for stability analysis; Aizerman and Kalman conjectures; Popov, circle, and other frequency-domain stability criteria for analysis and synthesis. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 230 or consent of instructor. Instructor: Garg or Wright. 3 units.

335. Nonlinear Mechanical Vibration. A comprehensive treatment of the role of nonlinearities in engineering dynamics and vibration. Analytical, numerical, and experimental techniques are developed within a geometrical framework. Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering 210 or 235 or equivalent. Instructor: Virgin. 3 units.

391. Curricular Practical Training. Curricular Practical Training. Student gains practical Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science experience by taking a job in industry and writing a report about this experience. Course requires prior consent form the student¿s advisor and from the Director of Graduate Studies and may be repeated with consent of the advisor and the Director of Graduate Studies. Instructor: Staff. 1 unit.

399. Special Readings in Mechanical Engineering. Individual readings in advanced study and research areas of mechanical engineering. Approval of director of graduate studies required. 1 to 3 units. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

2008-09 Bulletin of the Duke University Graduate School

2008-09 Bulletin of the
Duke University Graduate School