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Classical Studies (CLST)Professor Antonaccio, Chair; Associate Professor Sosin, Director of Undergraduate Studies; Professors Antonaccio, Boatwright, Burian, and Davis; Associate Professors Janan Sosin, and Woods; Assistant Professor González; Professors Emeriti Clay, Newton, Richardson, Rigsby, and StanleyMajors and minors are available in this department.The objective of classical studies is to increase knowledge and understanding of the civilizations of Greece and Rome, part of the roots of Western culture. Toward this aim, the department offers courses in three areas (Latin, Greek, and classical studies) and two majors (classical languages, classical civilization). Concentration in the languages offers students opportunities to explore at first hand the literature, history, and thought of antiquity. In the process of learning Greek and/or Latin, students will gain a deeper insight into language itself, as well as an appreciation of the problems of interpretation and the varieties of evidence upon which interpretation may be based. For students interested in history, ancient art, or archaeology, courses in classical civilization offer a means of assessing the culture and the material remains of Greece and Rome in their own rich and varied context.Students considering careers not in classical studies or a closely related discipline will also enjoy the benefits from either major offered by the department. The experience of analyzing language, literature, artifacts and architecture, and other ancient subjects will hone their intellectual abilities well for any profession.Courses offered at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome are listed at the end of each section below.CLASSICAL STUDIES (CLST)11S. Greek Civilization. CCI, CZ The culture of the ancient Greeks from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great: art, literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Not open to students who have had, or are taking, Classical Studies 53/153. Instructor: Staff. One course.12S. Roman Civilization. CCI, CZ The culture of the ancient Romans from their beginnings to Constantine: art, literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Not open to students who have taken or are taking Classical Studies 54/154. Instructor: Staff. One course.45S. Focus Program Topics in Classical and Medieval Culture. Topics in Classical and Medieval Culture. Open only to students in the Focus Program. One course.49S. First-Year Seminar. CCI Topics in classical literature and/or art and archaeology vary each semester. Instructor: Staff. One course.50. Duke-Administered Study Abroad: Special Topics in Classical Studies. CCI Topics in classical literature and/or art and archaeology differ by section. Instructor: Staff. One course.85FCS. Myth, Dream, and Vision: Imaginary Worlds. ALP Introduction to ancient and medieval texts constituting the primary sources for knowledge of pre-modern mythical and imaginary worlds. How modern societies "consume" the past, rework it, and remodel it through various media--video game, film, and novel--for contemporary audiences. Open only to students in the Focus Program. Instructor: Woods. One course.86FCS. Ancient and Modern Liberty. CCI, CZ, EI, SS One course. C-L: see Political Science 85GFCS87FCS. The World of the Greek Theater. ALP, CCI, CZ The tragedies and comedies of the fifth-century theater as a window on Athens: the conventions and public context of performance; the plays as indicators of social values, debates, and limits; the literary consciousness of authors and audience. Open only to students in the Focus Program. Instructor: Burian. One course.100. History of Ancient Philosophy. CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Philosophy 100101. Science and Technology in the Ancient World. CCI, CZ, STS Technical innovation and scientific thought in the ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome. Instructor: Staff. One course. C-L: History 178A103. Representing Women in the Classical World. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Visual Studies 101A105. Ancient and Medieval Epic. ALP, CCI Reading the major epics of antiquity in translation (Gilgamesh, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Vergil's Aeneid) and the European Middle Ages (Beowulf, Song of Roland, Dante's Inferno), emphasizing the changing definition and concept of the hero. Instructor: González, Janan, or staff. One course.106. Drama of Greece and Rome. ALP, CCI Reading in translation selected tragedies (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Seneca) and comedies (Aristophanes, Menander, Plautus, Terence) with emphasis on political, social, and cultural developments, contemporary theatrical practice, and influence on later European drama. Instructor: Burian or staff. One course. C-L: Theater Studies 117, Visual Studies 108A116S. The Pagan World of the Divine Comedy. ALP, CCI Dante's Commedia and the texts that place it in a context: the history of thirteenth-century Florence and Dante's life; his other major works (the Vita Nuova and De Monarchia); the pagan poets whom Dante incorporated into his Commedia (Vergil, Ovid, Lucan, and Statius) and the Christian theory of biblical criticism that gave St. Augustine his perspective on pagan poets. Instructor: Clay. One course. C-L: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 116S117. Ancient Myth in Literature. ALP, CCI Myth in classical and medieval writers from Hesiod to Boccaccio. Instructor: Woods. One course. C-L: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 117A119. Age of Augustus. CCI, CZ Augustus (63 B.C.-A.D. 14), the person, politician, and genius of a new age. His impact on contemporary historical, biographical, and literary writings, and on the architecture of his new empire, its coinage, and his own portraiture. Instructor: Staff. One course.123. Early Greek Archaeology: From the Fall of Mycenae to the Persian Wars. ALP, CCI, CZ, W Greek material culture in its social, economic, and historical contexts, 1200 to 480 BCE. Instructor: Antonaccio. One course. C-L: Art History 123124. Greek Art and Archaeology II: Classical to Greco-Roman. ALP, CCI, CZ, W Architecture, sculpture, painting, and mosaics from the classical to the Greco-Roman period (fourth century B.C. to first century A.D.). Instructor: Antonaccio or staff. One course. C-L: Art History 124126. Art and Archaeology of Ancient Athens. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Art History 125A128. Art of the Roman Empire. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Art History 128132. Art in the Hellenistic Age. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Art History 105139. The Living Middle Ages. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Medieval and Renaissance Studies 114; also C-L: Art History 139, History 116, English 123C139S. Aspects of Medieval Culture. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Medieval and Renaissance Studies 114S; also C-L: Art History 139S, History 116S, English 123CS140. Roman Spectacle. ALP, CCI, CZ, EI One course. C-L: see Visual Studies 150141. Hellenistic Architecture. ALP, CCI, CZ One course. C-L: see Art History 106145. Rome: History of the City. ALP, CCI, CZ On-site study of the development of Rome's urban plan and its major monuments through the ages; the influence of the ancient Republic and Empire, the Papacy, and the modern secular state; change and continuity in artistic forms and daily life. (Summer program in Italy.) Instructor: Boatwright. One course. C-L: Art History 126A, History 101F148. The Ancient City. CCI Examination of the archaeological monuments of Rome and other Italian sites, as well as literary sources, inscriptions, and works of art. Consent required. Taught in Rome as part of the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies program. Students must register for both 148A and 148B. Instructor: Staff.148A. Art and Archaeology. ALP, CCI Instructor: Staff (Study Abroad). One course.148B. Political, Social, and Cultural Context. CCI, CZ Instructor: Staff (Study Abroad). One course.149. Venetian Civilization and Its Mediterranean Background. ALP, CCI, CZ Formation and development against the background of earlier, dominant Mediterranean cultures. Interpretation of literary texts with a Venetian setting: Shakespeare, Goldoni, Mann. (Taught in Venice.) Instructor: Davis. One course.151S. The Discovery of the Old World: Utopias, Ancient and Modern. ALP, CCI, CZ, EI One course. C-L: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 198S153. Greek History. CCI, CZ The political and intellectual history of the Greeks from earliest times to the death of Alexander the Great. Not open to students who have had, or are taking, Classical Studies 11S and/or Classical Studies 53. This course was previously taught as Classical Studies 53. Instructor: Sosin or staff. One course. C-L: History 121B154. Roman History. CCI, CZ, W From the founding of Rome by Romulus to the founding of Constantinople by Constantine: social, cultural, and political history. Not open to students who have taken or are taking Classical Studies 12S or Classical Studies 54. This course was previously taught as Classical Studies 54. Instructor: Boatwright. One course. C-L: History 121A155. The Aegean Bronze Age. ALP, CCI, CZ Application of archaeological techniques and procedures to problems in the development of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. Instructor: Antonaccio or staff. One course. C-L: Art History 114157D. Ancient Political Theory. EI, SS, W One course. C-L: see Political Science 150D180. Special Topics in Classical Studies. CCI Instructor: Staff. One course.185S. Gender and Sexuality in the Ancient World. ALP, CCI, CZ, R Ancient Greek and Roman conceptions of gender and sexuality as illuminated by erotic poetry and prose texts and evidence from material culture (e.g., painting and sculpture). Construction of male and female in antiquity, and of national agendas, social allegiances, and ethnic/racial identity. Emphasis on research methods of classical studies. Instructor: Janan. One course. C-L: Women's Studies 188S191. Independent Study. Individual non-research directed study in a field of special interest on a previously approved topic, under the supervision of a faculty member, resulting in an academic and/or artistic product. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.192. Independent Study. Individual non-research directed study in a field of special interest on a previously approved topic, under the supervision of a faculty member, resulting in an academic and/or artistic product. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.193. Research Independent Study. R Individual research in a field of special interest under the supervision of a faculty member, the central goal of which is a substantive paper or project containing significant analysis and interpretation of a previously approved topic. Open only to qualified juniors and seniors; for seniors, the paper or project may partially fulfill the requirements for graduation with distinction. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.194. Research Independent Study. R Individual research in a field of special interest under the supervision of a faculty member, the central goal of which is a substantive paper or project containing significant analysis and interpretation of a previously approved topic. Open only to qualified juniors and seniors; for seniors, the paper or project may partially fulfill the requirements for graduation with distinction. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.196S. Junior-Senior Seminars in Classical Studies. ALP, CCI, CZ, R, W See Classical Studies 195S. Instructor: Staff. One course.203. Ancient Political Philosophy. CCI, EI, SS One course. C-L: see Political Science 223207. Ancient Greek Religion: 1200 - 300 B.C. ALP, CCI, CZ, R Greek religion from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period through literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources. Prerequisite: some background in Greek history, art, or myth. Consent of instructor required. Instructor: Antonaccio or staff. One course.211S. Plato. CZ One course. C-L: see Philosophy 211S217S. Aristotle. CZ One course. C-L: see Philosophy 217S220S. Topics in Greek Art. ALP, CCI, CZ, R One course. C-L: see Art History 201S221. Archaic Greece. CCI, CZ, R Greece and the Near East from the end of the Bronze Age to the Persian Wars. Instructor: Antonaccio. One course. C-L: History 259224. The Roman Republic. CCI, CZ, R The rise of Rome, to its mastery of the Mediterranean; the political, social, and cultural consequences. Instructor: Boatwright. One course. C-L: History 263225. The Roman Empire. CCI, CZ, R The foundation, consolidation, and transformation of Roman rule from Augustus to Diocletian. Instructor: Boatwright. One course. C-L: History 264226. Late Antiquity. CCI, CZ, R The institutional, intellectual, religious, and social transformation of the late Roman Empire. Instructor: Boatwright. One course. C-L: History 266228. The Legacy of Greece and Rome. ALP, CCI, CZ The reception of classical antiquity--its literature, art and architecture--in subsequent ages, from the early medieval period to the present day. Instructor: Woods. One course. C-L: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 228231S. Greek Sculpture. ALP, CCI, CZ, R Free-standing, relief, and architectural sculpture from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic age, representing changing aesthetic, social, and political aims. Instructor: Dillon. One course. C-L: Art History 238S232S. Greek Painting. ALP, CCI, CZ, R From the Late Bronze Age to the fourth century B.C. with emphasis on archaic and classical Athenian vase painters. Instructor: Staff. One course. C-L: Art History 237S236S. Roman Painting. ALP, CCI, CZ, R Techniques, iconography, and use in decoration. Instructor: Staff. One course. C-L: Art History 227SGREEK (GREEK)1. Elementary Greek. FL Structure of the language (grammatical forms, syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation); introduction to reading. Instructor: Burian or staff. One course.2. Elementary Greek. FL Second half of Greek 1, 2. Prerequisite: Greek 1. Instructor: Burian or staff. One course.14. Intensive Elementary Greek. FL First year of ancient Greek in one course. Instructor: Staff. Two courses.63. Intermediate Greek. CZ, FL Readings in classical Attic prose literature. Prerequisite: Greek 2 or equivalent. Instructor: Staff. One course.63A. Intermediate Greek. FL Review of grammar, reading of selected texts. Taught at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome. Consent required. Instructor: Staff. One course.76. Advanced Intermediate Greek. CZ, FL Introduction to Athenian Drama. Prerequisite: Greek 63 or the equivalent. Instructor: Staff. One course.76A. Advanced Intermediate Greek. FL Review of grammar, reading of selected texts. Taught at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome. Consent required. Instructor: Staff. One course.100. Duke-Administered Study Abroad: Advanced Special Topics in Greek. CCI, FL Topics differ by section. Instructor: Staff. One course.102A. Advanced Greek. ALP, CCI, FL Readings vary. Taught at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome. Consent required. Instructor: Staff. One course.102S. Studies in Greek Literature I. ALP, CCI, CZ, FL Herodotus and Thucydides. Instructor: Staff. One course.103S. Greek Literature II. ALP, CCI, CZ, FL The "Odyssey" and selections from Greek lyric. Instructor: González or staff. One course.191. Independent Study. Individual non-research directed study in a field of special interest on a previously approved topic, under the supervision of a faculty member, resulting in an academic and/or artistic product. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.192. Independent Study. Individual non-research directed study in a field of special interest on a previously approved topic, under the supervision of a faculty member, resulting in an academic and/or artistic product. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.193. Research Independent Study. R Individual research in a field of special interest under the supervision of a faculty member, culminating in a substantive paper or project containing significant analysis and interpretation of a previously approved topic. Open only to qualified juniors and seniors; for seniors, the paper or project may partially fulfill the requirements for graduation with distinction. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.194. Research Independent Study. R Individual research in a field of special interest under the supervision of a faculty member, the central goal of which is a substantive paper or project containing significant analysis and interpretation of a previously approved topic. Open only to qualified juniors and seniors; for seniors, the paper or project may partially fulfill the requirements for graduation with distinction. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.200. Intensive Readings in Greek Literature. ALP, CCI, FL Instructor: Staff. One course.201. Readings in Greek Literature. ALP, CCI, FL Instructor: Staff. One course.203. Homer. ALP, CCI, FL Problems of language, structure, and interpretation in the Iliad; present state of Homeric scholarship and authorship. Instructor: Burian, González, or staff. One course.205. Greek Lyric Poets. ALP, CCI, FL Fragments of the early lyric poets; selected odes of Pindar and Bacchylides. Instructor: Burian, González, or staff. One course.207. The Dramatists. ALP, CCI, CZ, EI, FL Reading and interpretation of selected plays relating to cultural values of Ancient Greece. Instructor: Burian. One course.209. Introduction to Hellenistic Literature. ALP, CCI, FL Readings in selected texts of the period from Alexander to Augustus, including historical narratives, documents, philosophical and scholarly treatises, drama, and poetry. Instructor: González . One course.211. Greek Literature in the Roman Empire. ALP, CCI, FL Readings in the Second Sophistic, the novel, history, philosophy, and poetry. Instructor: Staff. One course.222. The Historians. ALP, CCI, FL Readings and studies in the major Greek historians Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. Instructor: Sosin or staff. One course.LATIN (LATIN)1. Elementary Latin. FL Study of the structure of the language (i.e., forms, vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation); selected readings in prose and poetry. Instructor: Staff. One course.2. Elementary Latin. FL Second half of Latin 1, 2. Prerequisite: Latin 1. Instructor: Staff. One course.63. Intermediate Latin. CZ, FL Politics and thought in the late Republic: Caesar and Cicero. Instructor: Boatwright or staff. One course.76. Advanced Intermediate Latin. CZ, FL The culture of Augustan Rome: readings in Vergil's "Aeneid." Prerequisite: Latin 63 or equivalent. Instructor: Staff. One course.85. Introduction to Literature. This number represents course credit for a score of 4 or 5 on one or more of the College Board Advanced Placement tests in Latin. One course.91. Transition to Advanced Latin. CZ, FL For first-year and sophomore students who have received credit for Latin 85 and are enrolling in their first college Latin course. Literature and life in the Roman Empire: selections from the epigrams of Martial and the letters of Pliny the Younger, combined with extensive grammar review. Instructor: Staff. One course.102S. Life in the Late Republic: Scandal and Sensuality. ALP, CCI, CZ, FL Cicero's "Pro Caelio" and poems by Catullus, and the dramatic cultural changes and explosive passions taking place on the eve of the Republic's disintegration. Instructor: Janan or staff. One course.103S. The Age of Augustus: Retrospection and Reform. ALP, CCI, CZ, FL Readings in Livy and in Horace's "Odes" to illuminate Augustan culture's self-aware revision of the past as a blueprint for the future. Instructor: Boatwright or Janan. One course.105S. Ovid: The Metamorphoses. ALP, CCI, FL The poem studied as narrative, as the grandest Roman anthology of myths, and as Ovid's statement on Augustanism. Instructor: Davis or Janan. One course.106S. Roman Satire. ALP, CCI, EI, FL A survey of the genre, concentrating on Horace and Juvenal, their literary strategies and ethical arguments. Instructor: Sosin or staff. One course.108S. Lyric Poetry. ALP, CCI, FL Readings in the works of Catullus and Horace. Instructor: Davis or Janan. One course.111S. Latin Love Elegy I. ALP, CCI, FL Introduction to the conventions of Latin love elegy and their development in Propertius, Tibullus, and Ovid. Instructor: Davis or Janan. One course.112S. Roman Comedy. ALP, CCI, FL Representative plays of Plautus and Terence with studies of the genre and its Greek forebears. Instructor: Staff. One course.140S. Nero and His Time. CCI, CZ, FL, W Historical texts focusing on Nero and illuminating his age (Suetonius, Life of Nero; Tacitus, Annals 14) discussed with other readings from and about the era. Instructor: Boatwright. One course.170. Special Topics in Latin Literature. ALP, CCI, FL Prerequisite: the completion of second-year or third-year Latin, depending on the topic. Instructor: Staff. One course.191. Independent Study. Individual non-research directed study in a field of special interest on a previously approved topic, under the supervision of a faculty member, resulting in an academic and/or artistic product. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.192. Independent Study. Individual non-research directed study in a field of special interest on a previously approved topic, under the supervision of a faculty member, resulting in an academic and/or artistic product. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.193. Research Independent Study. R Individual research in a field of special interest under the supervision of a faculty member, the central goal of which is a substantive paper or project containing significant analysis and interpretation of a previously approved topic. Open only to qualified juniors and seniors; for seniors, the paper or project may partially fulfill the requirements for graduation with distinction. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.194. Research Independent Study. R Individual research in a field of special interest under the supervision of a faculty member, the central goal of which is a substantive paper or project containing significant analysis and interpretation of a previously approved topic. Open only to qualified juniors and seniors; for seniors, the paper or project may partially fulfill the requirements for graduation with distinction. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.201. Readings in Latin Literature. ALP, CCI, FL Instructor: Staff. One course.204. Epic of the Silver Age. ALP, CCI, FL Lucan to Statius. Instructor: Janan. One course.206S. Cicero. ALP, CCI, FL Instructor: Staff. One course.211S. Latin Love Poetry II. ALP, CCI, FL Analysis of erotic themes in the works of Propertius, Tibullus, and Ovid, plus examples of ''proto-elegy'' by Catullus. Close attention to the stylistics of the poems, their place in the traditions of Latin love elegy, and their relation to other phenomena (historical, political, social) of the Augustan period. Instructor: Davis or Janan. One course.214S. The Historians. ALP, CCI, FL Investigation of the Roman concept and practice of writing history, from Cato to Ammianus Marcellinus. Readings include Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus, and comparative Greek historians (in translation). Instructor: Boatwright or staff. One course.216S. The Roman Provincial. CCI, CZ, FL, R Latin texts and inscriptions relating to Roman "provincials" and their integration as "Romans": for example, Caesar's Gallic Wars, Tacitus, Agricola, Juvenal, inscriptions documenting grants of Roman citizenship. Instructor: Boatwright.217S. Latin Prose Syntax and Style. CCI, FL Latin prose composition combined with analysis of the style and syntax of select Latin prose authors. Instructor: Richardson. One course.240S. Special Topics in Latin Literature of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Topics change each semester offered. Instructor: Staff. One course. C-L: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 239SThe following courses in Latin are offered at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome, and may be taken there for Duke credit:63A. Intermediate Latin: Caesar's Civil War. FL Review of grammar, reading of selected texts. Taught at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome. Consent required. Instructor: Staff. One course.76A. Advanced Intermediate Latin. FL Review of grammar, reading of selected texts. Taught at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome. Consent required. Instructor: Staff. One course.102A. Advanced Latin. ALP, CCI, FL Readings vary. Taught at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome. Consent required. Instructor: Staff. One course.THE MAJORStudents may major in classical languages and classical civilization. Those contemplating graduate study in classics or related disciplines should consider completion of three college years of one ancient language and two years of the other, or equivalents, as a minimum. They are also reminded that reading knowledge of German and French is a requirement for advanced degrees in this field.Majors are eligible for nomination to one semester of study, typically during the junior year, at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome, which Duke manages, or at the College Year in Athens or Arcadia University study program in Greece. Courses in Greek, Latin, ancient history, and archaeology taken at these institutions are counted toward major requirements. The cost of a semester at either institution is comparable to that of Duke. Financial assistance usually can be transferred, and arrangements are made through the university. For students not able to spend a semester abroad, Duke regularly offers summer programs in Greece and Italy. The department also facilitates participation in archaeological digs in Greece and Italy. For further information on opportunities for study abroad, see the section on Off Campus Opportunities in this bulletin.Classical Languages (Greek and Latin)Major Requirements. Minimum of ten courses, of which eight must be at the 100 level or above. Knowledge of both Greek and Latin through the second-year level (Greek 76 and Latin 76 or the equivalent) with a total of at least eight courses in Greek and/or Latin, of which six will be at or above the 100 level; two courses in classical studies at or above the 100 level, one of which will be the capstone course (Classical Studies 195S or 196S). For double majors in classical languages and classical civilization, no more than two courses in Greek and/or Latin may be counted toward both majors.Classical Civilization (Ancient History, Culture, Literature, Archaeology)Prerequisites. Classical Studies 11S or 53/153 and 12S or 54/154, or two courses in Greek or Latin below the 100 level.Major Requirements. Eight classical studies courses at or above the 100 level, including the capstone course (Classical Studies 195S or 196S). Courses must be in at least three separate areas (literature, in translation or in the original language at or above the 100 level; history; philosophy; art and archaeology). For double majors in classical civilization and classical languages, no more than two courses in Greek and/or Latin may be counted toward both majors.Departmental Graduation with DistinctionGraduation with distinction is available to majors. Eligible students have a 3.5 grade point average in the major on beginning their project. In the context of an honors research course (193 or 194) the candidate writes a major research paper. A committee of three faculty members votes on awarding Distinction, High Distinction, or Highest Distinction for the work. Majors interested in applying are encouraged to consult the director of undergraduate studies by the spring of their junior year.THE MINORFour minors are offered by the department, as listed below. No courses used to fulfill the requirements of one minor may be used for another, or for the majors in classical languages or classical civilization.Classical ArchaeologyRequirements. Five courses in ancient art and archaeology, at least three at the 100 level or above, and at least three in the Classical Studies Department.Classical CivilizationRequirements. Five courses in the Classical Studies Department, at least three at the 100 level or above; the courses must be in at least two areas (literature in the original language at the 100 level or above in translation; history; philosophy; art and archaeology).GreekRequirements. Five courses in ancient Greek, at least three at the 100 level or above.LatinRequirements. Five courses in Latin, at least three at the 100 level or above.Comparative LiteratureFor courses in comparative literature, see listing in this chapter under "Literature."
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